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MedTech Outlook | Monday, February 28, 2022
Neuroscience evidence is accumulating in favor of an integrated mind-body link—includes clarifying "interoception" senses, or the experience of feelings inside the body such as heartbeat and hunger, and recognizing the cognitive impact of tiny motions such as fidgeting.
FREMONT, CA: The speed of neuroscience discoveries continues to be both exciting and relentless year after year. The following are the most remarkable accomplishments, ranging from lab-grown mini-brains to artificial intelligence unearthing evolutionary mysteries of the human brain.
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Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation for the Treatment of Severe Depression
A research team at the University of California, San Francisco, has successfully established a way for adaptively treating depressive symptoms using deep brain stimulation (DBS). Deep brain stimulation is a procedure that includes implanting electrodes within the brain to transmit electrical currents to the brain to affect its activity.
Previous research on depression treatment with DBS had limited success due to the devices' limited ability to give consistent electrical stimulation to a single area of the brain. However, depression can impact multiple brain parts, and its neuronal fingerprints fluctuate erratically.
The scientists decoded a novel neural biomarker intending to establish a pacemaker for the brain. This particular pattern of brain activity is highly predictive of symptom development. The researchers developed a new DBS technology that activates just when and where the pattern is recognized with this knowledge.
Automatic on-demand therapy is amazing because its functional responses are tailored to the patient's brain and the diseased neural circuit. This bespoke DBS approach was tested for the first time on a patient suffering from severe depression and passed with flying colors. Almost immediately, the patient's symptoms improved, which persisted over time.
In the COVID era, as anxiety and mental health disorders become more prevalent, this technique may prove to be a life-changing drug-free therapy for hundreds of millions of individuals.
Over and Above Human Hearing
As with light waves, humans can perceive only a small portion of the spectrum of sound waves that move around them. Typically, they can detect frequencies between 20 Hz and 20,000 Hz; frequencies above this range are ultrasonic. This is the frequency range in which creatures such as bats operate and the range used in ultrasonic medical scanning.
Scientists at Aalto University pioneered a new way of leveraging advanced technology, which developed a device that effectively offers humans bat-level hearing. This includes the ability to hear frequencies well above 20,000 Hz and the ability to determine the direction and distance of sound sources. For example, biologists enable them to track and find otherwise stealthy bats in flight.
Perception of ordinarily inaudible sounds may have useful industrial applications, such as hearing and locating otherwise silent gas leaks. It operates by capturing ultrasound using a spherical microphone array that detects ultrasonic noises and converts them to audible frequencies using a computer. It then streams the transformed sound waves in real-time through headphones.
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