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MedTech Outlook | Thursday, August 25, 2022
Pain is a complex protective mechanism. It is an important part of evolution that protects the body from danger and harm.
FREMONT, CA: Pain is a very normal condition. The occurrence of pain increases as people get older, and women are more likely to experience pain than men.
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Types of pain
There are two main types of pain:
- Acute pain – a typical response to an injury or medical condition. It begins suddenly and is usually short-lived.
- Chronic pain – remains beyond the time expected for healing. It usually lasts for longer than three months.
Pain may range from a dull ache to a sharp stab, ranging from mild to extreme. You may feel pain in one part of your body, or it may be widespread.
Pain management strategies
Studies indicate that a person's emotional well-being can impact the experience of pain. Therefore, understanding the cause and learning effective ways to cope with pain can enhance your quality of life. Key pain management strategies involve:
- pain medicines
- physical therapies (Like heat or cold packs, massage, hydrotherapy and exercise)
- psychological therapies (like cognitive behavioral therapy, relaxation techniques and meditation)
- mind and body techniques (like acupuncture)
- Community support groups.
Reasons of pain
The most general causes of pain in adults incorporate:
- injury
- medical conditions (for example, cancer, arthritis and back problems)
- Surgery
How pain affects the body
The body has pain receptors attached to 2 main types of nerves that detect danger. One nerve type transmits messages quickly, causing sharp, sudden pain. The other transmits messages slowly, causing a dull, throbbing pain.
This is a reflex reaction that impedes further damage from occurring. It happens before you feel pain.
Managing pain without medicines
Many non-medicine treatments are ready to help you manage your pain. A combination of treatments and therapies is usually more effective than just one.
Some non-medicine options encompass:
- Heat or cold – employ ice packs immediately after an injury to decrease swelling. Heat packs are better for comforting chronic muscle or joint injuries.
- Physical therapies – like walking, stretching, strengthening or aerobic exercises may help reduce pain, keep you mobile and enhance your mood. You may be required to increase your exercise slowly to avoid overdoing it.
- Massage – this is also a physical therapy; it is better suited to soft tissue injuries and should be evaded if the pain is in the joints. Some evidence suggests massage may aid manage pain, but it is not suggested as a long-term therapy.
- Relaxation and stress management techniques – comprising meditation and yoga.
- Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) – this form of psychological therapy can help you learn to change how you think and, in turn, how you feel and behave about pain. This is a useful strategy for learning to self-manage chronic pain.
- Acupuncture – is a component of traditional Chinese medicine. Acupuncture includes inserting thin needles into specific points on the skin. Its purpose is to restore balance within the body and stimulate it to heal by releasing natural pain-relieving compounds (endorphins). Some people find that acupuncture decreases the severity of their pain and enables them to maintain function. Nevertheless, studies on the effectiveness of acupuncture in managing pain are inconclusive.
- TENS(Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) therapy – low voltage electrical currents pass over the skin through electrodes, prompting a pain-relieving response from the body. There is not enough published proof to support the use of TENS to treat some chronic pain conditions. Still, some people with chronic pain that are unresponsive to other treatments may encounter a benefit.
Your doctor or other healthcare professional can help you through the best treatments.
Pain medicines
Many people will employ pain medicine (analgesic) at some time.
The main types of pain medicines are:
- Paracetamol – is often recommended as the first medicine to mitigate short-term pain.
- Aspirin temporarily relieves fever and mild-to-moderate pain (like period pain or headache).
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, reduce pain and decrease inflammation (redness and swelling).
- Opioid medicines, like codeine, morphine and oxycodone, are reserved for severe or cancer pain.
- Local anesthetics (drops, sprays, creams or injections) – are used when nerves can be easily reached.
- Some antidepressants and anti-epilepsy medicines – are used for a specific type of pain, called nerve pain.
How pain medicines work
Pain medicines work in various ways. For example, aspirin and other NSAIDs are pain medicines that help to decrease inflammation and fever. They do this by stopping chemicals named prostaglandins. Prostaglandins cause inflammation and swelling and make nerve endings sensitive, leading to pain.
Prostaglandins also help save the stomach from stomach acid; these medicines can cause irritation and bleeding in some people.
Opioid medicines work in different ways. First, they change pain messages in the brain. Hence these medicines can be habit-forming.
Choosing the right pain medicine
The correct choice of medicine for you will depend on:
- the location, intensity, duration and kind of pain
- Any activities that relieve the pain or make it worse
- The influence your pain has on your lifestyle, such as how it affects your appetite or quality of sleep.
- your other medical conditions
- Other medicines you take.
Discuss these with your doctor or another health professional so that you choose the safest and most effective pain relief option.
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