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MedTech Outlook | Thursday, August 27, 2020
Tech startups scramble to develop chips that signal the coronavirus RNA, antibodies, and antigens' presence.
FREMONT, CA: Most of the tests available today to check for a virus is conducted using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technology. This method looks for a particular sequence of RNA in the sample, which is a sequence unique to the virus. Most of these tests need a lab to process. The required chemicals are in short supply, and the fastest tests, those that produce results within 15 minutes—struggle with false negatives. Then there are antibody tests, also known as serology tests. These can determine only if someone was affected by the virus in the past, not whether they are currently sick. They measure if the patient's immune system has started creating antibodies against a specific virus, using blood from a standard blood draw or a small sample from a finger prick.
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[vendor_logo_first]Biosensor Chips
Biosensors used for viral RNA, antibody, or antigen detection rely on semiconductor circuitry coated in a biological material that will attract—and bind with—the biological material of interest in a sample fluid. When such bonds occur, the flow of electrons through the circuit noticeably changes. They are structured like silicon MOS field-effect transistors with a source and a drain and a gate between them. But in the sensors, the gate is controlled by the binding of biomolecules instead of a voltage signal—a bioFET.
Biosensors do not need any material to be multiplied to generate a signal, nor does the biological sample has to go through multiple lab processing steps. This means tests can be very fast, running in under 60 seconds. And because a chip can contain multiple circuits, many tests of different kinds can run simultaneously on the same chip—the only requirement is that numerous biological substances act as detectors for different circuits. This could enable the system to hunt for a wide variety of RNA fragments, antibodies, and antigens—not just the most likely one. This type of approach could reduce false results and offers additional information about a patient's health, perhaps by testing for the flu and the new coronavirus at the same time.
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